The small city of Haarlem is a quick 15 minute train ride from Amsterdam CS. Plenty of people who work in Amsterdam also live in Haarlem. Since I know a few, every now and then I end up in Haarlem meeting people for drinks.
You've probably read about how quaint and picturesque Haarlem is.... because it is. Beyond the museums, the lovely streets, and the great shops.. I often find myself in one particular place I figure I should recommend.
It is called Het Wachtlokaal and it is a fine café for lunching, drinking, and waiting til the last minute when your train finally arrives. The menu is not at all shabby for a snack or a meal. Best of all, with quick sprint over to the station, you can still make the train back to Amsterdam.
PS- Their website features lots of useful info and some lovely photos of the interior.
